-
61 international
прил.1) общ. международный; интернациональный (связанный с двумя или более странами, относящийся к нескольким странам, происходящий при участии нескольких стран или их представителей)international peace — международный мир, мир во всем мире
Syn:See:International Accounting Standards, international adjudication, international administration, international administrative law, international affairs, international agency, international agreement, international arbitrage, international arbitration, International Baccalaureate, International Bank Account Number, international bill of exchange, international bond, international borrowing and lending, international business, international business administration, international capital flows, international cartel, international commerce, international commercial arbitration, international commercial law, international commodity agreement, international commodity body, international company, International Comparison Program, international competition, international competitive bidding, international competitiveness, international competitor, International Conference on Financing for Development, international contract, international cooperation, international copyright, international corporation, international credit, International Data Base, international dealer, international debt, international deficit, international delinquency, international department, International Depositary Receipt, International Depository Receipt, international development bank, international diplomacy, international distortion, international diversification, international division, international division of factors, international division of labour, international divorce, international economics, international equity, international equity fund, international exchange ratio, international extradition, international factor movements, international factoring, international finance, international finance subsidiary, international financial institution, international financial system, international firm, international fund, international institution, international investment, international investment position, international investor, international jurist, international labour migration, international law, international leasing, international legal capacity, international liquidity, international load line, international macroeconomics, international management, international market, international marketer, international marketing, international marketing environment, international microeconomics, international migration, international monetary arrangement, international monetary cooperation, international monetary economics, international monetary order, international monetary reform, international monetary reserves, international monetary system, international multimodal transport, international mutual fund, international name, international order, international organization, international payments, international policy coordination, international politics, international private law, international promissory note, international public law, international relations, international reserve currency, international reserve system, international reserves, international sale, international sales contract, international securities, International Securities Identification Number, international standard, International Standard Audiovisual Number, International Standards of Accounting and Reporting, International Standards on Auditing, international surplus, international technology transfer, international tender, international terrorism, international trade, international trademark, international trading company, international transportation, international travel, International Atomic Energy List, International Banking Act, International Bovine Meat Agreement, International Coffee Agreement, International Commercial Terms, International Dairy Arrangement, International Emergency Economic Powers Act, International Financial Reporting Standards, International Gold Pool, International Grains Agreement, International Industrial List, International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code, International Market Insight, International Merchandise Trade Statistics, International Munitions List, International Olive Oil Agreement, International Rules for the Interpretation of Trade Terms, International Safety Management Code, International Standard Classification of Occupations, International Standard Industrial Classification of all Economic Activities, International Sugar Agreement, International Traffic in Arms Regulations, International Wheat Agreement, International Accounting Standards Board, International Accounting Standards Committee, International Accreditation Forum, International Actuarial Association, International Advertising Association, International Air Transport Association, International Anticounterfeiting Coalition, International Association for Feminist Economics, International Association for Financial Planning, International Association for Insurance Law, International Association for Research in Income and Wealth, International Association for the Protection of Industrial Property, International Association for the Protection of Intellectual Property, International Association for the Study of Insurance Economics, International Association of Administrative Professionals, International Association of Book-keepers, International Association of Classification Societies, International Association of Financial Executives Institutes, International Association of Insurance Supervisors, International Association of Mutual Insurance Companies, International Association of Political Science, International Atomic Energy Agency, International Auditing and Assurance Standards Board, International Auditing Practices Committee, International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, International Banking Facility, International Broadcasting Bureau, International Bureau for the Protection of Intellectual Property, International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes, International Chamber of Commerce, International Civil Aviation Organization, International Cocoa Organization, International Coffee Organization, International Confederation of Free Trade Unions, International Congress of Accountants, International Congress of Actuaries, International Convention for Safe Containers, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Conference on Financing for Development, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations2) общ. международный (распространенный, действующий за пределами национальных границ)See:
* * *
international settlements межгосударственные расчеты, осуществляемые центральными банками. -
62 aid
1. nпомощь, содействие, поддержкаto appeal / to ask for aid — обращаться за помощью; просить помощь
to cancel / to cease aid — прекращать помощь
to channel aid for / into smth — направлять помощь на что-л.
to come to smb's aid — приходить на помощь кому-л.
to cut off aid to smb — прекращать помощь кому-л.
to donate aid — оказывать помощь, предоставляя что-л. в виде дара
to end all aid to a country — прекращать оказание всех видов помощи какой-л. стране
to go to the aid of smb — приходить на помощь кому-л.
to renew / to restore / to resume aid — возобновлять предоставление / оказание помощи
to step up aid — усиливать помощь; увеличивать размеры помощи
- aid in cashto turn down $... of aid — отвергать предложение о предоставлении помощи на сумму... долларов
- aid in the form of food
- aid on a multilateral basis
- aid with strings
- aid without strings
- all-round aid
- appeal for international aid
- budgetary aid
- calls for renewed aid
- cancellation of aid
- capital aid for economic development
- cash aid
- clandestine aid
- cut in aid
- cutbacks in aid
- development aid
- disinterested aid
- distribution of aid
- economic aid
- effective aid
- emergency aid
- ending of aid
- federal aid
- financial aid
- flow of aid
- food aid
- foreign aid
- generous aid
- government aid
- gratuitous aid
- humanitarian aid
- ineffective aid
- inflow of aid
- influx of foreign aid
- international aid
- large-scale aid
- lethal aid
- long-term aid
- massive aid
- military aid
- misappropriation of aid
- multilateral aid
- mutual aid
- necessary aid
- nonfinancial aid
- nonmilitary aid
- outside aid
- planeload of aid
- pledges of aid
- provision of aid
- relief aid
- resumption of aid for smb
- review of smb's aid to a country
- short-term aid
- special aid
- state aid
- substantial aid
- suspension of aid
- technical aid
- technological aid
- terms and conditions of aid
- tied aid
- top recipient of aid
- unconditional aid
- unrestricted aid
- urgent aid
- welfare aid 2. vпомогать, оказывать помощь, оказывать содействие, оказывать поддержку -
63 dependence
nзависимость; несамостоятельность; подчиненностьto decrease one's dependence on smb — уменьшать / ослаблять свою зависимость от кого-л.
to lessen one's financial dependence on smb — уменьшать свою финансовую зависимость от кого-л.
to liberate smb from dependence — освобождать кого-л. от зависимости
to place / to put in a position of dependence — ставить в зависимое положение
- complete dependenceto reduce one's excessive dependence on foreign aid — уменьшать чью-л. чрезмерную зависимость от иностранной помощи
- dependence on foreign capital
- diplomatic dependence
- economic dependence
- financial dependence
- one-sided dependence
- partial dependence
- permanent dependence
- political dependence
- post-colonial dependence
- total dependence -
64 rule
1. n1) правило; устав; норма; право2) власть; владычество; господство; правление; управление•to accept rules — одобрять / признавать правила
to adhere to a rule — придерживаться правила, соблюдать правило
to apply rules to smb / smth — применять правила к кому-л. / чему-л.
to be subject to / to be under foreign rule — находиться под иностранным владычеством
to breach / to break a rule — нарушать правило
to comply with / to conform to a rule — придерживаться правила, соблюдать правило
to emerge from military to civilian rule — переходить от правления военных к гражданскому правительству
to frame rules — вырабатывать / определять / составлять правила
to impose / to introduce smb's rule — вводить чье-л. правление
to maintain rules — поддерживать / соблюдать правила
to note an infringement / a violation of the rules — констатировать нарушение правил
to obey / to observe a rule — придерживаться правила, соблюдать правило
to overthrow / to throw off smb's rule — свергать кого-л.
to put a territory under direct rule from... — ставить территорию под прямое управление из...
to put an end to smb's rule — покончить с чьим-л. господством, положить конец чьему-л. господству
to remain under smb's rule — оставаться под чьим-л. управлением
to revert to smb's rule — возвращаться под чье-л. управление
to stick to a rule — придерживаться правила, соблюдать правило
to submit to the rules — подчиняться правилам, придерживаться правил
- abidance by the rulesto suffer from smb's rule — страдать от чьего-л. гнета
- advent of smb's rule
- against international rules of behavior
- alien rule
- arbitrary rule
- army rules
- authoritarian rule
- autocratic rule
- bending of rules
- British rule
- central government rule
- civil rule
- civilian rule
- closed rule
- common rule
- constitutional rule
- contractual rules
- direct presidential rule
- direct rule of Northern Ireland from London
- direct rule
- domestic rules
- during smb's rule
- economic rule
- emergency rule
- eunuch rule
- executive rule
- existing rules
- financial rules
- foreign rule
- forms of political rule
- fundamental rules
- gag rule
- gavel rule
- general rule
- generally accepted rules
- generally recognized rules
- genocidal rule
- ground rules
- handover to a civilian rule
- hard-and-fast rule
- home rule
- humanitarian rules
- immigration rules
- imposition of Central Government rule
- in accordance with the rules
- in conformity with the rules
- incompatibility with the rules of behavior
- industrial safety rules
- infringement of the rules of procedure
- international rules
- iron hand rule
- job safety rules
- legal rules
- majority rule
- mandate rule
- manipulation of rules
- military rule
- mob rule
- monopoly rule
- multilateral rules
- no-strike rule
- one-party rule
- one-time rule
- open rule
- operating rules
- over-riding of rules
- parliamentary checks on presidential rule
- party rules
- pertinent rules
- police rule
- political rule
- Ponsonby Rule
- popular democratic rule
- presidential rule
- previous question rule
- procedure rules
- provisional rule
- proxy rule
- repressive rule
- restoration of civilian rule
- return of civilian rule
- revised rules
- Rule of the Court - rule of foreign capital
- rule of germaneness
- rule of law
- rule of terror
- rule of the gun
- rule of the military
- rule of unanimity of great powers
- rules and customs of war - rules for international trade
- rules governing smth
- rules inherited from
- rules laid down in smth
- rules of confidentiality
- rules of international law
- rules prescribed by smb
- rules relating to trade
- set rule
- single-party rule
- special rule
- staff rule
- standing rule
- striving for economic rule
- ten minute rule
- terms of the rules of procedure
- totalitarian rule
- trade rules
- transition from military to civilian rule
- treaty rules
- unanimity rule
- under smb's rule
- unit rule
- virtual one-party rule
- voting rules
- white minority rule
- world rule 2. v1) править, управлять; господствовать2) постановлять; устанавливать•to rule with an iron fist / rod — править железной рукой
-
65 efficiency
1) экономическая эффективность; производительность; результативность; продуктивность; прибыльность2) коэффициент полезного действия, кпд; коэффициент использования3) выполнение норм выработки; коэффициент перевыполнения норм выработки4) высокий организационно-технический уровень -
66 organization
n1) организация; устройство2) организация, союз, объединение3) расположение, приведение в систему4) структура
- affiliated organization
- arbitration organization
- authoritative organization
- bank organization
- building organization
- business organization
- capital investment organization
- charitable organization
- charity organization
- civic organization
- commercial organization
- company organization
- competent organization
- construction organization
- consumer organization
- control organization
- cooperative organization
- defaulting organization
- distributing organization
- economic organization
- exchange organization
- farm organization
- financial and credit organization
- foreign trade organization
- founder organization
- functional organization
- geographic organization
- government organization
- head organization
- inspection organization
- intergovernmental organization
- international organization
- international economic organization
- International Labour Organization
- International Trade Organization
- interstate organization
- joint organization
- leading organization
- lean organization
- line organization
- loose umbrella organization
- market organization
- marketing organization
- market management organization
- monetary and credit organization
- monetary and financial organization
- nongovernmental organization
- nonprofit organization
- official organization
- overhead organization
- parallel organization
- parent organization
- procurement organization
- product management organization
- professional organization
- public organizations
- purchasing organization
- rating organization
- rational organization
- research organization
- sales organization
- self-regulatrory organization
- selling organization
- short-listed organizations
- staff organization
- state organization
- state-financed organization
- step-by-step organization
- stepwise organization
- specialized organization
- tax-exempt organization
- tourist organization
- trading organization
- umbrella organization
- United Nations Organization
- United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
- organization of labour
- organization of production
- organization headquartered in New York
- establish an organization
- join an organization
- set up an organization
- withdraw from an organizationEnglish-russian dctionary of contemporary Economics > organization
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67 policy
n1) политика2) политика, линия поведения
- accounting policy
- additional policy
- adjustable policy
- adjustment policy
- aggressive working capital policy
- agricultural policy
- all loss or damage policy
- all risks policy
- anti-inflationary policy
- antirecession policy
- austere monetary policy
- balance-of-payments policy
- bank policy
- bearer policy
- blanket policy
- block policy
- borrowing policy
- budgetary policy
- business policy
- cargo policy
- clean policy
- commercial policy
- compensatory policy
- compensatory fiscal policy
- competition policy
- comprehensive policy
- comprehensive insurance policy
- consistent policy
- corporate policy
- credit policy
- currency policy
- customs policy
- declaration policy
- deflationary policy
- demand-side policy
- discount policy
- discretionary fiscal policy
- discriminatory policy
- disinflationary policy
- distributive policy
- dividend policy
- domestic policy
- dumping policy
- easy credit policy
- easy monetary policy
- easy money policy
- economic policy
- embargo policy
- endowment insurance policy
- equity-linked policies
- excess policy
- expansionary fiscal policy
- expectant policy
- expired insurance policy
- export policy
- export cargo insurance policy
- farm policy
- financial policy
- fire insurance policy
- first-loss policy
- fiscal policy
- fixed order policy
- fleet policy
- flexible policy
- floating policy
- foreign policy
- foreign economic policy
- foreign exchange policy
- foreign trade policy
- franchise policy
- free of particular average policy
- freight policy
- general policy
- general insurance policy
- goods policy
- government policy
- green policy
- group policy
- hands-off policy
- hands-on policy
- home policy
- immigration policy
- incomes policy
- increased value policy
- individual policy
- ineffective policy
- inflationary policy
- insurance policy
- interest policy
- interest rate policy
- internal policy
- international policy
- investment policy
- issuing policy
- judicial policy
- lapsed policy
- lending policy
- licence policy
- life policy
- life assurance policy
- life insurance policy
- loan policy
- long-standing policy
- loose monetary policy
- loss-of-profit policy
- management policy
- marine insurance policy
- market policy
- marketing policy
- master policy
- merchandising policy
- mixed policy
- monetary policy
- money supply policy
- named policy
- one-price policy
- open policy
- open market policy
- overall policy
- paid-up policy
- participating policy
- patent policy
- patent law policy
- personal accident policy
- population policy
- price policy
- price control policy
- price support policy
- pricing policy
- public policy
- real policy
- reinsurance policy
- replacement policy
- responsibility insurance policy
- restrictive policy
- restrictive credit policy
- retirement policy
- running policy
- safe policy
- sales policy
- service policy
- short-sighted policy
- short-term policy
- social policy
- sound financial policy
- stabilization policy
- speculation policy
- standard policy
- state policy
- state intervention policy
- stiff monetary policy
- supply-side policy
- tariff policy
- taxation policy
- ticket policy
- tight credit policy
- tight fiscal policy
- tight money policy
- time policy
- tough policy
- trade policy
- trading policy
- transport policy
- underwriting policy
- unvalued policy
- valued policy
- vessel policy
- void policy
- voidable policy
- voyage policy
- wage policy
- wait-and-see policy
- warranty policy
- whole life policy
- with-profits policy
- policy of boycott
- policy of containment
- policy of controlling prices
- policy of economy
- policy of free trade
- policy of insurance
- policy of marine insurance
- policy of regulating prices
- policy of reinsurance
- policy of sea insurance
- policy of standardization
- policy of temporization
- policy of trade expansion
- policy to bearer
- adopt a laissez-faire policy
- amend a policy
- borrow on a policy
- cancel a policy
- carry out a policy
- contest a policy
- dictate a policy
- effect a policy of insurance
- follow a policy
- formulate policies
- implement a policy
- issue a policy
- loosen monetary policy
- make out a policy
- pursue a policy
- reinstate a policy
- renew a policy
- rescind a policy
- reverse a policy
- revise a policy
- subscribe to a policy
- support a policy
- surrender a life insurance policy
- take out a policy
- tighten a fiscal policy
- underwrite a policyEnglish-russian dctionary of contemporary Economics > policy
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68 aid
1. n1) помощь, содействие, поддержка- lend aid2) pl вспомогательные средства3) помощник4) юр. содействие (лицу, ведущему процесс, со стороны кого-л., заинтересованного в исходе дела)•2. vпомогать, оказывать помощь, поддержку- aid and abet smb. -
69 loan
-
70 period
период; срок; время• -
71 index
1. сущ.мн. indexes, indices1) эк. индекс (цифровой показатель, выражающий в процентах последовательные изменения какого-л. экономического явления)See:price index, abnormal performance index, index-linked, Bankers Trust Commodity Index, Barron's Confidence Index, beating the index, Bond Buyer Index, Bond Buyer municipal bond index, bond index, Business Confidence Index, Business Environment Risk Information Index, Business Expectation Index, Business Outlook Index, Business Sentiment Index, cash index participation, Chase Physical Commodity Index, Chicago Purchasing Managers' Index, Consumer Confidence Index, consumer price index, Consumer Sentiment Index, cost-of-living index, CRB/Bridge Index, Current Condition Index, Economic Sentiment Index, Eleven Bond Index, Emerging Markets Free Index, Euro-commercial paper index, exchange rate index, housing price index, Index of Investor Optimism, Index of Lagging Indicators, index participation, index range note, Investable Commodity Index, J. P. Morgan Commodity Index, Knight-Ridder Commodity Research Bureau Index, lagging index, Lipper Indexes, market value index, NAPM index, NAPM services index, National Association of Purchasing Managers' index, National Association of Purchasing Managers' services index, Philadelphia Fed Index, price index, profitability index, Purchasing Manager Index, Real Estate Index Market, Revenue Bond Index, Service Price Index, trade weighted index, Twenty Bond Index, University of Michigan Consumer Sentiment Index, University of Michigan Sentiment Index, advance-decline index, abnormal performance index, Accumulation Swing Index, Arm's index, Commodity Channel Index, demand index, diffusion index, Directional Movement Index, equal-weighted market index, Force Index, Herrick Payoff Index, Market Facilitation Index, money flow index, Positive Volume Index, relative strength index, Relative Vigor Index, stochastics index, Swing Index, tax and price index, trading index, Average Directional Movement Index2) бирж. фондовый индекс (показатель движения фондовой конъюнктуры, рассчитанный по определенной формуле на базе текущих цен конкретных ценных бумаг; как правило, простое или взвешенное среднее цен основных котируемых активов)See:average, weighted average, quotation, share index, Dow Jones average, Financial Times Ordinary Share Index, AEX index, Affarsvarlden General Index, AMEX Major Market index, all ordinaries index, All Ordinaries share index, All Ordinaries Share Price Index, American Stock Exchange Major Market index, American Stock Exchange Market Value Index, AMEX Composite Index, Austrian Traded Index, Bonn Index FAZ, Bovespa Index, BVL General Index, CAC 40 index, CAC general index, Chambre Agent General Index, Comit Index, Commerzbank Index, Deutsche Aktien Index, Dow Jones Composite 65 Index, Dow Jones Index, Dow Jones World Stock Index, EAFE index, equal-weighted market index, Europe and Australasia, Far East Equity index, Far Eastern Index, FAZ index, Financial Times Actuaries All Share Index, Financial Times Actuaries Share Indexes, Financial Times Index, Financial Times Industrial Ordinary Share Index, Financial Times Share Indexes, Financial Times Stock Exchange 100 Index, Financial Times Stock Exchange Index, Financial Times World Index, Forty Index Futures, FT 30 Index, FT Index, FT Share Indexes, Hang Seng Index, index arbitrage, index fund, index fund management, index future, index investing, index of securities, index option, index portfolio management, index tracker fund, index warrant, index-amortizing swap, International Market Index, Jensen index, KLSE Composite Index, Korea Composite Stock Price Index, KR-CRB index, Kuala Lumpur Stock Exchange Composite Index, Lisbon BVL General Index, Major Market Index, market index, market index deposit, market value-weighted index, NASDAQ Bank Index, NASDAQ Biotechnology Index, NASDAQ Composite Index, NASDAQ Computer Index, NASDAQ Financial-100 Index, NASDAQ index, NASDAQ Industrial Index, NASDAQ Insurance Index, NASDAQ National Market Composite Index, NASDAQ National Market Industrial Index, NASDAQ Other Finance Index, NASDAQ Transportation Index, NASDAQ-100 Index, NASDAQ-OTC Price Index, New York Stock Exchange Composite Index, New York Stock Exchange Index, Nikkei Dow Index, Nikkei Dow Jones Index, Nikkei index, NYSE Composite index, NYSE Index, price-weighted index, PSE Technology 100 Index, Russell indexes, S&P / Australian Stock Exchange Australian Index Committee, S&P 400 Index, S&P/ASX 100 Composite Index, S&P/ASX 100 Index, S&P/ASX 20 Composite Index, S&P/ASX 200 Composite Index, S&P/ASX 300 Composite Index, S&P/ASX 50 Composite Index, Salomon Brothers World Equity Index, share price index, Standard and Poor's / Australian Stock Exchange 100 Index, Standard and Poor's / Australian Stock Exchange 20 Index, Standard and Poor's / Australian Stock Exchange 200 Index, Standard and Poor's / Australian Stock Exchange 300 Index, Standard and Poor's / Australian Stock Exchange 50 Index, Standard and Poor's / Australian Stock Exchange Australian Index Committee, Standard and Poor's / Australian Stock Exchange MidCap 50 Index, Standard and Poor's / Australian Stock Exchange Small Ordinaries Index, Standard and Poor's 400 Index, Standard and Poor's 500 Stock Index, Stock Exchange of Singapore Index, stock index option, stock indexes and averages, Straits Times Industrial Index, Swiss Market Index, Swiss Performance Index, Taiwan Stock Exchange Capitalization Weighted Stock Index, Tokyo Stock Exchange Price Index, Tokyo Stock Price Index, Value Line Composite Index, value-weighted market index, Wilshire 5000 Equity Index
2. гл.эк. индексировать (заработок, процентные ставки и т. п.)See:The new English-Russian dictionary of financial markets > index
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72 tighten one's grip on smth.
укрепить свою власть над чем-л.; ≈ зажать в тискиAt the same time the northern bankers and industrial monopolies tightened their grip on southern economic life to extract superprofits from the oppressed Negro people and to a lesser extent from southern white workers and sharecroppers cut off from Negroes by economic favoritism and racist propaganda. (V. Perlo, ‘American Imperialism’, ch. IV) — В то же время банкиры и промышленные монополии Севера все больше зажимали в тиски экономическую жизнь Юга, чтобы извлекать сверхприбыли прежде всего за счет эксплуатации угнетенного негритянского народа и в меньшей степени путем эксплуатации белых рабочих и издольщиков Юга, которые вследствие сравнительно лучших экономических условий и расистской пропаганды были разобщены с неграми.
The leading circles of finance capital, who substantially agreed on the strategy of unlimited expansion, had to tighten their grip on the state apparatus. (V. Perlo, ‘American Imperialism’, ch. VI) — Руководящие круги финансового капитала, которые в основном согласны между собой относительно стратегии неограниченной экспансии, укрепили свою власть над государственным аппаратом.
Large English-Russian phrasebook > tighten one's grip on smth.
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73 assets
сущ.;
мн.
1) актив (баланса)
2) средства, фонды, авуары, имущество см. тж. funds
3) имущество несостоятельного должника
4) покрытие ∙ - exempt assets - charge on assets - bank assets - assets pledged as security - assets of estate - assets not in use - assets holdings - assets acquisition - aggregate assets - administration of assets - company's assets - company assets - other assets - wasting assets - fixed assets account - active assets - assets held - frozen assets - tangible assets - assets disposal account - assets account assets are worn out assets brought into a business assets in kind brought into a business assets and liabilities admissible assets available assets fluid assets liquid assets basic assets fixed assets capital assets key assets basic production assets business assets corporate assets carry-over assets cash assets contingent assets current assets working assets dead assets deferred assets deflated assets depletable assets dismantled assets earmarked assets depreciable assets fictitious assets financial assets foreign assets government assets abroad intangible assets interest bearing assets long-term assets risk assets slow assets sticky assets miscellaneous assets net assets net fixed assets non-distributable assets ordinary assets overvalued assets personal assets plant assets pledged assets prepaid assets production assets quick assets real assets retired assets solid assets total assets transferable financial assets trust assets undervalued assets Syn: facilities, funds(мн.ч. торгов.) активassets авуары ~ актив (баланса) ~ актив баланса ~ активы ~ достояние ~ имущество ~ имущество несостоятельного должника ~ капитал ~ наследственная имущественная масса ~ средства ~ фонды~ of company капитал компании~ of estate наследственная имущественная массаbankrupt ~ имущество несостоятельного должника bankrupt ~ конкурсная масса bankrupt ~ недвижимость банкротаbusiness ~ торгово-промышленные средстваcash ~ денежные активы cash ~ имущество в денежной формеcirculating ~ легкореализуемые активы circulating ~ оборотные активы circulating ~ оборотный капитал circulating ~ текущие активыconcealed ~ скрытое имущество concealed ~ скрытые активыcontingent ~ активы, право владения которыми зависит от наступления определенного события contingent ~ активы, право владения которыми вытекает из совершенных операцийcurrent ~ легкореализуемые активы current ~ ликвидные активы current ~ оборотный капитал current ~ текущие активы current ~ текущие ликвидные активыeasily convertible ~ ликвидные активыeasily negotiable ~ легко реализуемые активыelectronic ~ вчт. активы записанные в памяти ЭВМfinancial ~ финансовые активы financial ~ финансовые средстваfixed ~ недвижимое имущество fixed ~ недвижимость fixed ~ неликвидные активы fixed ~ основной капитал, основные средства fixed ~ основной капитал fixed ~ реальные активы fixed ~ реальный основной капитал fixed ~ труднореализуемые активыfloating ~ легкореализуемые активы floating ~ ликвидные активы floating ~ оборотный капитал, оборотные средства floating ~ оборотный капитал floating ~ текущие активыforeign ~ заграничные активыforeign exchange ~ активы в иностранной валютеfrozen ~ заблокированные активы frozen ~ замороженные активыgross ~ общая стоимость имущества gross ~ основные фонды gross ~ сумма балансаidentifiable ~ идентифицируемые активыinherited ~ унаследованные активыinitial ~ исходные активыintangible ~ нематериальные активыintangible fixed ~ неликвидные нематериальные активыinvestment ~ инвестиционные активы investment ~ инвестиционный капиталliquid ~ ликвидные активы, свободные средства liquid ~ ликвидные активыliquidate ~ реализовать активыmachinery ~ основные фонды machinery ~ производительный капиталminor ~ второстепенные активы minor ~ неосновные активыmovable tangible ~ движимые материальные ценностиnet ~ нетто-активыnet current ~ текущие нетто-активыnet foreign ~ остаточная стоимость заграничных активов net foreign ~ чистая стоимость заграничных активовoriginal ~ начальные активыpassive ~ пассивные средстваpublic ~ общественные активыready ~ ликвидные активы ready ~ свободные средстваreal ~ недвижимое имуществоreal property ~ недвижимое имущество real property ~ недвижимостьrealizable ~ реализуемые активыrealize ~ реализовать активыseparate ~ отдельные активыslow ~ неликвидные активы slow ~ труднореализуемые активыsocial ~ общественные активыsubordinated ~ субординированные активыsurplus ~ избыточные активыtangible ~ материальные активы tangible ~ реальный основной капиталtangible commercial ~ реальный основной капиталtangible fixed ~ реальный основной капиталtechnical ~ специальные активыtotal fixed ~ общая стоимость недвижимого имуществаworking ~ легко реализуемые активы working ~ ликвидные активы working ~ оборотный капитал working ~ текущие активы -
74 current account
1) текущий счета) банк. (банковский счет, допускающий внесение дополнительных средств и выписку чеков)See:б) торг. (активный счет торгового кредита, т. е. открытый счет покупателя у продавца, по которому имеется непогашенная задолженность)See:в) учет (счет, на котором учитываются операции между аффилированными компаниями или подразделениями компании)See:г) учет (счет, на котором отражаются операции, проводимые одним из участников партнерства, но напрямую не связанные с движением капитала данного участника)See:д) банк. (счет владельца кредитной карты, который на текущий момент выплачен и на котором нет просроченной суммы)2) сокр. C/A, CA межд. эк., стат. счет [баланс\] текущих операций, текущий счет (платежного баланса), текущий (платежный) баланс (часть платежного баланса, в которой отражаются операции по экспорту и импорту товаров и услуг, а также текущие международные трансфертные платежи)See:current account balance, current account convertibility, current account surplus, current account deficit, capital account 1) balance of payments, balance of trade, balance of services, transfer payments б), current transfers, fundamental analysis, economic indicator
* * *
current account; A/c; C/a 1) текущий платежный баланс: часть платежного баланса страны, включающая торговый баланс, экспорт и импорт услуг, односторонние переводы, проценты и др. доходы по заграничным инвестициям(в США в последние включаются услуги); 2) текущий счет: тип банковского счета до востребования, позволяющий выписывать чеки и свободное использование средств в других формах (как правило, беспроцентный).* * *Текущий платежный баланс; текущий счет; счет текущих операций. Чистый поток товаров, услуг и односторонних операций (даров) между странами . Словарь экономических терминов .* * *Банки/Банковские операциисм. checking account-----Финансы/Кредит/Валютаединый текущий и ссудный счет, открываемый банком клиенту-----раздел платежного баланса страны, в котором фиксируются объемы ее экспорта и импорта товаров и услуг, ее чистого дохода от инвестиций и чистого объема трансфертных платежей----------1. часть платежного баланса, в которой регистрируются трансакции, не связанные с движением капитала Z счет, на который заносятся взаимные межфирменные платежи и задолженности или взаимные платежи и задолженности подразделений компаний3. счет, на котором регистрируются все финансовые трансакции, проведенные каким-либо членом партнерства, которые не относятся непосредственно к его доле в капитале партнерства-----Банки/Банковские операцииактивный счет, открываемый частными лицами, фирмами, а чаще всего банком своим постоянным клиентам для взаимного расчета по совершаемым сделкам -
75 fixed asset investment
инвестиции в основной капитал [в основные средства\]а) фин., учет (вложение средств в реальные активы долгосрочного использования, а также в ценные бумаги, которые инвестор предполагает держать у себя в течение длительного периода, обычно — более одного года)Syn:See:б) эк., стат. (статистический показатель, характеризующий объем инвестиций в основной капитал за определенный период; характеризует стадию бизнес-цикла)Syn:See:Англо-русский экономический словарь > fixed asset investment
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76 neutrality
сущ.1) общ. нейтральность (как свойство какого-л. объекта или действия)See:affective neutrality, capital export neutrality, capital import neutrality, fiscal neutrality, neutrality of money, neutrality condition2) учет, амер. нейтральность (по определению Совета по стандартам финансового учета: свойство надежной информации, выражающееся в отсутствии в информации пристрастности, направленной на достижение заранее определенного результата)See:reliability, Financial Accounting Standards Board, qualitative characteristics of accounting information3) пол. нейтралитетб) (политика и особый правовой статус государства, принципиально уклоняющегося от участия в войнах и в военно-политических союзах)See:* * *. . Словарь экономических терминов . -
77 balance
1) баланс; сальдо (счёта, расчётов); состояние счёта || сальдировать, подводить итог, подытоживать; закрывать счета2) равновесие, состояние равновесия || уравновешивать; балансировать3) компенсировать; нейтрализовать4) удовлетворять (напр. потребность в продукции) -
78 conversion
1) переход (на выпуск новой продукции); изменение; конверсия2) пересчёт; перевод (единиц)3) присвоение собственности4) обмен валют5) обмен (конвертируемых) облигаций на акции -
79 moral hazard
а) в страховом деле - риск недобросовестности, недобросовестного поведения застрахованного лицаmoral hazard - a risk to an insurance company resulting from uncertainty about the honesty of the insured (American Heritage Dictionary).
б) в экономике - риске безответственного или, в зависимости от ситуации, недобросовестного финансового поведения (инвестора или должника); такое словоупотребление особенно характерно для крайних либералов-рыночниковThe U.S. government's regular practice of extending guarantees to certain countries experiencing financial difficulties […] sends a message to investors, both foreign and domestic, that they can invest with little fear of a total loss. […] That situation is analogous to the moral hazard created by federal deposit insurance. Depositors do not scrutinize banks' financial strengths and weaknesses because they bear no risk of a loss (из доклада Cato Institute).
A number of industries are trying to take advantage of extraordinary times, to get aid that runs counter to market principles. It creates a dangerous precedent and underscores the old moral hazard problem.
The proposals are designed to help resolve the 'moral hazard' problem created by IMF bailouts. Bailouts encourage reckless lending, their critics allege, because lenders are led to believe that if things go wrong the IMF will rescue them (Centre for Economic Policy Research).
Wednesday night's bailout of Long-Term Capital Management, a high-flying hedge fund, has the smell of $3.5 billion worth of moral hazard (из передовой статьи в Wall Street Journal). — Принятое в среду вечером решение о предоставлении экстренной помощи в размере 3,5 миллиарда долларов небезызвестному хедж-фонду Long-Term Capital Management – это, судя по всему, не что иное, как приглашение к безответственности.
The English annotation is below. (English-Russian) > moral hazard
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80 moral hazard
•• * Первоначально термин moral hazard применялся в страховом деле. Так он отражен в словаре American Heritage Dictionary, который определяет moral hazard как a risk to an insurance company resulting from uncertainty about the honesty of the insured. Перевод напрашивается – риск недобросовестности ( недобросовестного поведения застрахованного лица). Но в последнее время этот термин употребляется гораздо шире – и его расширительное значение не вполне понятно даже подготовленным англоязычным читателям. Так, после обсуждения в одном из форумов в Интернете один из участников сделал вывод: It appears insurance companies use the phrase “ moral hazard” in a more specific way than professional economists do. Добавлю от себя, что такое словоупотребление особенно характерно для крайних либералов-рыночников. Пример из доклада Cato Institute – ведущего «мозгового центра» этого направления:
•• The U.S. government’s regular practice of extending guarantees to certain countries experiencing financial difficulties <...> sends a message to investors, both foreign and domestic, that they can invest with little fear of a total loss. <...> That situation is analogous to the moral hazard created by federal deposit insurance. Depositors do not scrutinize banks’ financial strengths and weaknesses because they bear no risk of a loss.
•• Должен заметить, что теоретиков, по-моему, явно «занесло». Я что-то плохо представляю себе, чтобы я и миллионы мне подобных стали изучать и сравнивать финансовые показатели, скажем, банков J.P. Morgan Chase и HSBC, прежде чем открывать там счет или сохранять уже имеющийся. Впрочем, принципиально в этой цитате другое – инвесторы (или вкладчики) в данном случае не обвиняются в недобросовестности (скорее – в некоторой беспечности, безответственности).
•• Аналогичный пример – высказывание ведущего научного сотрудника Hudson Institute:
•• A number of industries are trying to take advantage of extraordinary times, to get aid that runs counter to market principles. It creates a dangerous precedent and underscores the old moral hazard problem.
•• Речь здесь идет о «разлагающем эффекте», опасности привыкания к государственной поддержке. Экономисты разрабатывают предложения, направленные на противодействие этой тенденции:
•• The proposals are designed to help resolve the ‘moral hazard’ problem created by IMF bailouts. Bailouts encourage reckless lending, their critics allege, because lenders are led to believe that if things go wrong the IMF will rescue them. (Center for Economic Policy Research) (Bailout – экстренная финансовая помощь).
•• Здесь интересно помещение термина в кавычки и его объяснение для непосвященных.
•• Предлагаемый перевод – моральный риск – я считаю «условно адекватным», т.е. приемлемым с некоторыми оговорками. Поясню, что имеется в виду.
•• Если термин не слишком известен и не вполне понятен даже там, где он возник, то он вполне условен, и столь же условен – то есть не вполне понятен – может быть и его перевод. Проблема – «просветительская» и в стране происхождения термина, и в стране перевода. Переводчик, скажем, когда он имеет дело с документами финансовых или страховых учреждений, может воспользоваться калькой моральный риск, в случае необходимости пояснив, что речь идет о риске безответственного или, в зависимости от ситуации, недобросовестного финансового поведения (страхуемого лица, инвестора или должника). В итоге такой «просветительской работы» термин постепенно станет понятен большинству читателей.
•• Несколько иначе обстоит дело при переводе публицистики. Здесь совершенно необязательно придерживаться терминологичности, тем более сырой, несложившейся. Вот пример из передовой статьи в Wall Street Journal:
•• Wednesday night’s bailout of Long-Term Capital Management, a high-flying hedge fund, has the smell of $3.5 billion worth of moral hazard.
•• В переводе лучше обойтись без термина – взять быка за рога и заодно передать несколько высокомерно-назидательный тон статьи:
•• Принятое в среду вечером решение о предоставлении экстренной помощи в размере 3,5 миллиарда долларов небезызвестному хедж-фонду Long-Term Capital Management – это, судя по всему, не что иное, как приглашение к безответственности.
•• В перспективе термин моральный риск, видимо, войдет в общепринятый экономический лексикон и, возможно, не будет нуждаться в пояснениях. Так произошло, например, со словосочетанием политически корректный, укоренившимся именно в этом виде, хотя для перевода politically correct предлагались в свое время варианты и получше, например, общественно приемлемый (Г.В. Черновым в словаре Americana) и даже идеологически выдержанный (В. Ланчиковым в рецензии на этот словарь).
См. также в других словарях:
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economic capital — noun Real or financial capital, or the two together … Wiktionary
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Capital economique — Capital économique Pour les articles homonymes, voir Capital. Le capital économique représente pour les sociétés de services financiers le montant de capitaux propres couvrant le besoin minimum, évalué sur une base réaliste, pour couvrir les… … Wikipédia en Français
Capital Économique — Pour les articles homonymes, voir Capital. Le capital économique représente pour les sociétés de services financiers le montant de capitaux propres couvrant le besoin minimum, évalué sur une base réaliste, pour couvrir les risques qu elle gère ou … Wikipédia en Français
Capital économique — Pour les articles homonymes, voir Capital. Le capital économique représente pour les sociétés de services financiers le montant de capitaux propres couvrant le besoin minimum, évalué sur une base réaliste, pour couvrir les risques qu elle gère ou … Wikipédia en Français
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Economic inequality — refers to disparities in the distribution of economic assets and income. The term typically refers to inequality among individuals and groups within a society, but can also refer to inequality among nations. Economic Inequality generally refers… … Wikipedia